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E
Vitamins
Vitamin E (Mixed Tocopherols)
Fat-soluble antioxidant protecting cell membranes.
What it is
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. Mixed tocopherols provide the full spectrum.
How it works
Chain-breaking antioxidant in lipid membranes; quenches peroxyl radicals to prevent lipid peroxidation propagation.
What the evidence says
Moderate evidence for antioxidant protection; high-dose supplementation trials have been mixed.
Safety Notes
- Avoid high-dose synthetic (dl-alpha) forms. Mixed tocopherols preferred. UL is 1000 mg/day (1500 IU natural form).
- Use caution with: bleeding disorders (caution), vitamin K deficiency (caution).
- anticoagulants: Vitamin E has mild antiplatelet effects; may increase bleeding risk.
- statins + niacin: May blunt HDL-raising effects of statin-niacin combos.
- chemotherapy / radiation: Antioxidants may reduce treatment efficacy; consult oncologist.